US Could Be Stuck Fighting Daesh ‘for a Decade, Maybe Even a Generation’


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In a joint piece for The Atlantic magazine, Biddle, an adjunct senior fellow for defense policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Shapiro, professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton, lay out why the war against the jihadist group isn’t likely to end in the neat and clean way that American officials might have hoped it would.
The reason for this, they suggest, stems from the nature of the war: “Civil wars of the kind in which the US conflict with the Islamic State is embedded are notoriously hard to terminate and typically drag on for years. Datasets vary slightly, but most put the median duration of such conflicts at seven to 10 years; and an important minority drag on for a generation or more.”

“When they do end, it’s rarely because an empowered, victorious army marches into the enemy capital, pulls down the flag, and governs a newly stable society.”

Like neighboring Syria, Iraq, the authors suggest, is likely to remain embroiled in civil conflict because, as is typical in civil wars, there are outside interests which prefer instability and chaos to a decisive victory for their opponent.

“Civil wars like today’s conflict in Syria and Iraq are often complex, multi-sided proxy conflicts in which a variety of local combatants have ties to outside backers who fund, equip, train, and advise allies’ forces. This outside support enables fighters to weather setbacks and hang on in the face of military adversity. Outside backers usually have geopolitical reasons of their own to support local proxies.”

http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/20160424/1038535434/war-against-daesh-generational.html

Apple ‘privacy czars’ grapple with internal conflicts over user data


File picture shows Apple Vice President of Software Technology Tribble delivering testimony during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in Washington

As Apple Inc(AAPL.O) feuds with the U.S. government over iPhone privacy protections, the tech giant is also grappling with internal conflicts over privacy that could pose challenges to its long-term product strategy.

Unlike Google(GOOGL.O), Amazon(AMZN.O) and Facebook(FB.O), Apple is loathe to use customer data to deliver targeted advertising or personalized recommendations. Indeed, any collection of Apple customer data requires sign-off from a committee of three “privacy czars” and a top executive, according to four former employees who worked on a variety of products that went through privacy vetting.

Approval is anything but automatic: products including the Siri voice-command feature and the recently scaled-back iAd advertising network were restricted over privacy concerns, these people said.

Many employees take pride in Apple’s stance, and CEO Tim Cook has called it a matter of principle.

“Customers expect Apple and other technology companies to do everything in our power to protect their personal information,” Cook wrote in a letter explaining the company’s opposition to a government demand that it help unlock the iPhone of one of the shooters in the December attacks in San Bernardino, California.

Such policies also have a business rationale: Apple’s apparent willingness to sacrifice some profit for the sake of privacy bolsters its image as a company that protects customers.

It’s an easier stand for Apple to take than, say, Facebook or Amazon – Apple’s chief business to date has been selling devices rather than advertising or e-commerce.

But now, amid stagnant iPhone sales, Apple executives have flagged services such as iCloud and Apple Music as prime sources for growth – which could test the company’s commitment to limiting the use of personal data.

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-encryption-privacy-insight-idUSKCN0WN0BO

US Overseas Arms Sales 2015: Defense Deals Of $46.6B Made By Pentagon As Global Conflicts Raise Fears


rtr3fils-1 U.S. overseas defense sales reached the second-highest end-of-year figure in Pentagon history after $46.6 billion worth of hardware was sold in fiscal year 2015, with military officials citing the wars against the Islamic State militant group as the driving force behind the significant increase. Despite the good news for the country’s aerospace and defense sector, which had seen a dip in U.S. arms acquisition at home since the end of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars in late 2011 and 2014, respectively, overseas sales were expected to drop in 2016 due to the general correlation between OPEC oil prices and military spending abroad, according to a Defense News report Sunday.

http://www.ibtimes.com/us-overseas-arms-sales-2015-defense-deals-466b-made-pentagon-global-conflicts-raise-2146483