The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which the American Psychiatric Association uses for psychiatric diagnosis, defines “oppositional defiant disorder” as a “recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures” which typically begins at a young age but can survive into adulthood.
“[Adults with Oppositional Defiant Disorder] feel misunderstood and disliked, hemmed in and pushed around,” according to Russell Barkley, Ph.D.. “Some feel like mavericks or rebels.”
#AllTheNews 